African American Culture

The Great Migration was the mass movement of about 6 million from the South to the Northeast, Midwest and West during 1910 through 1930.

NAACP stands for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, formed in 1909.

Marcus Garvey was the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL).

Jazz Age took place in the 1920’s or the Roaring Twenties during which Jazz and dance had been formed.

 

 

Music, Literature, and Arts of the 1920's

Music, Literature, and Arts of the 1920s among these was th creation of a genre of music called Jazz. The use of newspapers to tell the news also with the formation of magazines.

The Harlem Renaissance was the celebration of African American culture of literature and art. It was to let African American express themselves. It took place in the 1920’s or the Roaring Twenties during which Jazz and dance had been formed.

The Expansion of Public Schools, Leisure activities, and mass media

Public Schools in the 20s Less students were finishing high school then going to college do to more job opportunity without a need for a college degrees.

Mass Media creates better-informed people by radio, newspapers, magazines and TV broadcasting.

Leisure Activities Some new things came to be during this time such as new fashions and baseball.

Fundamentalism and Womens Rights in the 1920's

Fundamentalism is a form of interpretation of the Bible and what it is saying. 

Scopes Trial was a trial against a schoolteacher named John T. Scopes who was teaching about Charles Darwin’s belief of how organisms came to be on this earth.

Flapper was a “new breed” of western women who wore short shorts, smoked and drove cars. It was a new form a women living in the US.

Women’s Roles in the ‘20s changed by them having jobs and being able to go to college. They could work as a telephone operator, in factories and as a teacher.

 
Margaret Sanger Was a sex educator, nurse and a birth control activist. She also created the first birth control center in the U.S.

 

Prohibition

Prohibition & the Volstead Act- It is the banning of alcohol, consumption and selling of any kind of it. Started in 1920 and ended in 1933.

Speakeasies- It was the illegal selling, creation and transportation of alcohol. It was the massive plummet in alcohol licenses.

Bootleggers- It was the concealment of flasks of alcohol in boots. It was prohibited by the 18^th amendment and was even broken by government workers.

 

New Technologies

The invention of Automobiles and commercial airplane use. The ability for common people to afford an automobile.

Installment Plans/Credit- It was a form of paying for goods and services over an extended period of time.

Big cities- They influenced the economic flow of money to the people. The bigger the city the more widely known it is by the people.

 

Big Businesses

Warren G. Harding was an important person because he tried to restore the political interests in America after WWI. He invited many world leaders to a conference in 1921 called the Washington Naval Conference. Russia was not invited because they were communist. The conference talked about how no more warships should be built for ten years because these countries did not want to start another war with Germany. 

These countries signed the Kellogg- Briand pact, which was a contract to not start another war with any other country.

His cabinet members were called “The Ohio Gang,” because they were all from Ohio. They would later cause a huge problem.  

The Teapot Dome scandal- in 1923. Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall secretly leased oil-rich land to sell to these private companies in return for land and money. Later, he received more than 400,000 dollars. Then, he was found guilty of bribery and was sentenced to jail. 

After the scandal, Warren G. Harding passed away of a heart attack in 1923. Then, 

Calvin Coolidge took over as president. He restored economic opportunities and believed that taxes should be reduced in the U.S. He also believed that big businesses should receive credit in order to expand in the U.S.

Sources

"World War I and the 1920s - Nativism." Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation, 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/Nativism-World-war-i-and-the-1920s.html>.

"Regents Prep U.S History and Government." Regents Prep U.S History and Government. Oswego City School District, 1999. Web. 29th Oct. 2011. <http://regentsprep.org/regents/core/questions/questions.cfm?Course=ushg&TopicCode=5c>.

Trueman, Chris. "The Red Scare in the 1920." History Learning Site. Chris Trueman. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/red_scare_1920s_America.htm>.

"Isolationism and the Foreign New Deal." Mises Economics Blog — Proceeding Ever More Boldly Against Evil. Mises.org, 11th Oct. 2007. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://blog.mises.org/7292/isolationism-and-the-foreign-new-deal/>.

The Americans Reconstruction to the 21st Century. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2009. Print
 

The Labor Movement

Labor movements such as The Boston Police, Coal Miner’s, and Steel Mill Strike helped spark the effect of American politics in the 1920’s.

The Coal Miner’s strike also asked for shorter workdays and an increase in wages. These labor movements also effected immigrants.

 

The Steel Mill Strike was when workers wanted the right to negotiate shorter working hours and an increase in their wages. The strikers were beaten by the police and militia members. At the end, the steel workers had an eight hour workday, but the steelworkers did not have a union. 

The Boston Police members were on strike because they did not receive a single raise since the beginning of WWI and they could not unionize.

The Red Scare

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zywzzl9AiU: The First Red Scare

The Red Scare was when anarchists turned against the government and turned into political violence. Anarchists are people who oppose any form of government. This affected politics because the Red Scare created anti-communist movements for a long time. This also caused America to hunt out the communists.

This picture is Nicola Sacco. In 1920, him and his partner, Vanzetti, got arrested for robbery and murdering a guard in South Braintree, Massachusetts. They were found guilty and sentenced to death. Many Italians protested that their punishment was "Irrational" and "Unfair."

Communism, Anarchism, and socialism were the four main points that affected U.S politics in the 1920’s.

Socialism is when the government takes control of businesses and equally distributes the wealth.

Communists were people who ended private property, created a single party government ruled by a dictatorship. Also, the government owned all factories, railroads, and businesses. The biggest communist leader during that time was Vladimir Lenin. He started the communist government of Russia. Revolutionaries of Russia overthrew the Czar and the Bolsheviks created the communist party. This all ties into the Red Scare.

U.S Attorney General Mitchell Palmer also dealt with the matter at hand. He was trying to find anybody in the U.S that was communist and anarchist. Palmer’s plan failed to find any communists in the U.S. This plan was "The Palmer Raids." 

This picture is Bartolomeo Vanzetti. 

Isolationism and Nativism

Isolationists were people who pulled away from involvement in foreign affairs. This mainly happened after WWI. U.S.A did not want to become involved with the League of Nations.The League of Nations was a group of countries that tried to create world peace. The Americans did not want to be entangled into another war with the Germans.

Nativism is a term that is used to mean the opposition of immigration. Nativism favored the primary race of the country (White). This was a post WWI trend. Millions of Europeans were seeking to immigrate in other parts of the world and many of them tried to come to the United States. Many Americans mainly did not like the Germans because they started the war. Many Americans were nativists and had prejudices

Against the German people. 

The Emergency Quota Act was a movement that limited the number of immigrants each year that emigrated to the U.S. All of these topics affected politics in the 1920’s, especially the Quota System. This favored all western Europeans and created a drop in immigrations for the U.S. The Americans did not play any German music. Also, they wouldn’t allow the Americans to speak German. 

 Another point that affected nativism was the KKK (Klu Klux Klan). The KKK was a group that mainly discriminated against black people.